THE DURGA PUJA

We nave many festivals in our country. The Durga puja is the greatest of our festivals. We call it Dashain. It is observed in the month of Aswin. It is celebrated earlist days. It is celebrated for a fortnight. It is festival of the Hindus only. This festival had its origin in the earliest days.

Goddess Durga is worship in this festival. She is worshipped for nine days. This period is called Navaratri (nine nights). The last two days are considered more important than the preceding days. During the Navaratri people worship the image of Dunga at home. They also visit temples of the goddess. Durga is considered shakti (power). She signifies the victory of good over Evil. There is a legend theat she killed Mahisaur, the wicked demon. People worship the goddess and seek her blessings. They sacrifice birds and animals and make other offerings.

During the Navaratri, people indulge in merry making and feasting. They clean their houses and put on new clothes. Many people eat meat and sweet dish. They kill birds and animals. Rich people kill the goats, sheep,boars etc. poor people kill birds like hens, ducks and buffaloes. People take rest from their work and pass the time in merry-making. Schools campuses offices and business concerns remain closed this festival.

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THE HIMALAYAS-1

Nepal is known as the land of the Himalayas. There are the loftiest mountains in the world. The Himalayas extend all over Nothern Nepal and occupy nearly forty percent of the total land of our country. They consist of several parallel ranges, one higher then the other. The higher Himalayas are perpetually covered with snow, that's why they are called the Himalayas in sanskrit. Himalayas means the abode of snow. The higher Himalayas contain most of the highest peaks in the world. Some of the highest peaks are Mt.Everest Kanchenjunga, Lhotse and cho oyu. These peaks attract climbers every year. The high Himalayas contain several big glaciers and lakes. They are devoid of vegetation and human settlement.

The lower Himalayas are forested. The forests contain pine trees and rhododendrons.the rhoddendron is the national flower of our country. On the lower parts of these mountains we find valleys and lakes. The lower Himalayas are inhabited but the density of population is low. Life is difficult on the mountains. People rear goats and sheep. Some cultivation is done on the hill-slopes and in the valleys.

The Himalayas are a great hindrance to the development of our country. They cover a large part of our country. As they are unfit for cultivation, a big area of our country is a huge waste. Transport is difficult across the mountains and people cannot easily travel from one part of our country to another . Some parts of the Himalayas are inaccessible and inhospitable.

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VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT

In every country, we find towns as well as villages. Some countries have more towns than villagers, while some countries have more villages than towns. In our country, we have more than towns. The majority of our people live in villages. There are more then 5000 villages on our country. So the development of our village is very important. The prosperity of our country depends upon the prosperity of our villages.

Our villages are in a wretched condition. They are full of dirt and filth. There os shortage of clean drinking water. The roads are not good. School and hospitals are few and far between. The villagers are illiterate. They do not know the laws of health. They suffer from cholera and other epidemic diseases. The main occupation of the villagers is farming. They are unacquainted withe the modern methods of cultivation. They do not use improved seeds and fetilizers. They do not have irrigational facilities. They remain out of work for many months. They do not have subidiary occupations. The villagers are poor. They can hardly make both ends meet.

We have to do many things to improve the condition of our villages. Roads should be built so that people may travel easily from one place to another. There should be schools for the village children. Literacy classes should be opened for the adults. There should be libraries and reading rooms. Hospitals and health posts should be set up. Clean drinking water should be supplied. The villages should be kept clean. The villagers should be taught the laws of health. There should irrigational facilities. Improved seeds and fertilizers should be made available.

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TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Technical education refers to the education which teaches one the use of machines, It teachers one the practical use of machines. Engineering, agriculture, weaving, carpentry cone under technical education. Technical education teaches us not only theory but also practice. It trains not only the brain but also the hand. Technical education is the reverse of academic education. Academic education gives us knowledge but it has no practical application. One who has receivad technical education is called a technician. A technician can make, use of repair a machine. For example, a pilot can drive an aeroplane; an engineer can repair a machine; a carpenter can make furniture.

Technical education helps the progress of a country. Technicians can build factories, roads, bridges, canals etc. They can drive trucks, trains, ships and aeroplanes. They can help to work mines and produce electricety. They can help to make use of forests. They can help the growth of agriculture and the production of raw materials. They can operate telephones and wireless sets technicians can help in every sphere of a nation's productive activities. Technical education helps a nation to be self-sufficient. If we do not have our own technicians, we have to bring them from other countries. If other countries do not help us we cannot develop our industries and agriculture. If we bring technicians from abroad,we have to pay them a lot of money. Now-a- days, we are undertaking many development projects in our country, but we lack technicians. So many plans and projects have been postponed or there has been very slow progress.

Technical education helps to solve the problem of unemployment. There is a great demand fir technicians in our trades,

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SOCIAL SERVICE

Social service means serving society. It means helping people in trouble .It implies helping the needy and the distressed. It is voluntary service. In rendering social service, we do not expect anything in return. Suppose there is a man who has been run over by a motor-car. We take him to the hospital for treatment. This is an example of social service.

We live in society and need the help of others. It is out duty to serve society in return. If we serve others will serve us Social service has been extolled by all religions. It has been practised in all countries. Good men render social service, while bad men shun it. It is a means of repaping our debt to society.

Social service has various forms. Rich persons can render it by spending money. they can build schools, hospital and orphanages. Poor people can serve society by doing manual labour. they can help in cinstructing roads, digging drains, building dams, cleaning streets and executing community projects. Educated persons can serve society by teaching and instructing the illiterate persons. Social service can he rendered in various ways.

Social service is a double blessing. It blesses one that gives and one takes. The receiver is benefitted directly. The giver also is benefitted indirectly. He wins the live and respect of society. He may be helped by others when he is a spirit of sympathy and co-operation.

Social service may be rendered individually or collectively. There are some associations for social service. In our country we have the paro-pakar Association, the Marwari Seva Samiti. the Nepal boy and Girl scout Association. The Red Cross Society is a famous intermational association. We find such philanthropic associations in every country. Sometimes, temporary societies are formed when there are sudden calamities like earthquakes floods. etc.

Social service is very necessary in our country. The people of our country ate poor and illiterate. They require the guidance and assistance of others in many matters. we should all help those who are in need and distress. We should all help those who are in need and distress. Some members of our society lice in comfort, while others lice in misery. The fortunate members should render some help to the unfortunate ones to express their gratitude for the carious comforts they enjoy.

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The Hospital

Our country has shortage of hospitals. We have hospitals in towns but our villages are still without hospitals. Hospitals are not held in high esteem in our country. Some persons still do not like to go to a hospital for treatment. They would rather die at home than be admitted into a hospital. This is sheer prejudice and ignorance.

A hospital has two departments indoor and outdoor. In the indoor department, patients are kept in wards and treated in the hospital. This department has two wards: patients are treated freely; in the private ward, they have to pay for the bed and medicinec, but they have to pay for the bed and medicinec, vut they receive the free service of doctors and nurses. Rich persons like to stay in the private ward . In the outdoor department patients are examined and adviced treatment at home . Simple cases are examined in the outdoor department, while major cases are treared in the indoor department.

A big hospital is a huge establishment. There are two wards: medical and surgical. there are many doctorrs, nurses and other workers.
all their acticities have to be suoervised and co-ordinated. Various kinds if medicines, equipments and materials have to be stored. There is an emergency ward.Cases of emergency have to be treated promptly. Patients have to be looked after carefully. Carelessness and neglect may result in suffering and death.A medical college lege should the immediately eatablished in our country. This will solve the problem of the shortage of doctors to some extent.

The hospitl is a very useful institution. Poor persons receive free treatment poor persons receive free treatment. In surgical and and serious medical cases even rich persons find it adcantageous to be treated in a hospital. In a facilities, Patients are carefully treated and nuresed. They are kept under strict medical rules. At home patients do not have such facilities.


In the weatern countries people go to a hospital even for minor cases because the hospitals are well-equipped and well-organised. In our country, even the few existing hospitals are poorly equipped and ill-staffed. They are generally short of medical supplies and facilities.People have little faith in our hospitals and doctors. Those who can afford, go to India and other ciuntries for treatment. This state of affairs should be improcved. Hospitals involve the question of life and death. The patients should be well-treated and carefully looked after.

Our villages are short of hospitals and medical facilities. Many villagers die for want of treatment. It is time that we give serious thought to the establishment of hospitals in villages. We cannot have a hospital for every village of panchayat, but we should establish hospitals at important rural centres. A hospital sat an important rural centre can serve the neighbouting villages. We should also turn turn our attention to the shortage of doctors.

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A HISTORICAL PLACE

We most be familiar with the history of our country. One of the cest ways of learning history is to visit historical places. There are many historical places in our country. They are found in the Valley of Kathmandu and outside. I have visited few historical places outside the valley. I have visited many such places in the valley.
One of the famous historical places in the Valley of Kathmandu is Bhaktapur. It is a very old town. It was founded by king Ananda Dev in 1203 V.S. It was once a flourishing town. It was the capital of the Malla Kings. We travelled from Kathmandu by bus. It takes half an hour to reach there. There is a fine motorable road . The bus stopped near siddha pokhari. It is a big pond, but properly maintained.

We went to the Durbar Square and visited the National Art Gallery. The Gallery contains many historical pictures of the Malla Kings. It has a great educational value for students. It is a small gallery but well-maintained.

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Kathmandu

Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal. it lies in the western part of Nepal which is surrounded by the Himalayas . The scenero is it just looks like a cup from the sky above for the travler no matter we have different languages and religions habituated in the valley of Kathmandu.There are mainly three different historical famous places in the valley,they are Kathmandu,Patan and Bhaktapur are the such places which have power of attracting visitors or a lots of tourist from around the world. Kathmandu lies in the heart of the country.More things can be noticed in Kathmandu valley, such as if one belongs to Hindu religion, you may go to visit or worship Shree Pashupatinath Temple that is situated in Gaushala,which means home for the cows.
There are lots of other places such as HanumanDhoka,that's not so far from the capital but its only a few minutes ride by auto or any taxi. Its a place with full of suprising and beautiful architecture or turing with antique sceneries.Tourist can travelled to any destination by means of transport facilities available in the city either by buses or by domestic flights to various trekking places and devotees in the holy places on Nepal.

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Seasons1

We do not have same season all the year round. Seasons change, as do all other things in the world Changeos the law of Nature. In our country, We have four seasons, the summer, the autumn, the winter and the spring. The summer and the winter seasons last nearly four months, while the autumn and the spring last nearly for two months.The seasons are caused by the revolution of the earth round the sun,with each axis included to the orbit.If the axis of the earth were not included.
We would have the some seasons throughtout the year.
The summer season begins in May and last till august. It is a hot season.It is very hot the terai.The valleys and the hills also are hot,but the high mountains remain cool. It is hot and dry for two months .In July, the rains begins, and temperature falls down little.The people have a sign of relief.Agricultural starts with the comming of the rains. Farmers begins sowing seeds. Paddy,maize and juteare grown in this seasons. The summer is a busy season,for most of the people of our country have agriculture as thier main occupation.
September begins in the autumn season. It is a mild season,neither hot nor cold. It is a season of plenty . Farmers reep paddy,maize and jute shown in the summer. They have plenty to eat.It is the season of great festivals like the Dashain and Tihar.

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Kasthamandap

Kasthamandap is a word known for 'Kathmandu.' which means a thousand year old 'square house made of wood' which marks Kathmandu's ancient center.It is also said that the name 'Kathmandu' was derived from 'Kasthamandap' ,this ceremonial center cum tradee house on HanumanDhoka.
Some of the restaurant in Kathmandu Valley also named after the 'Kasthamandap' in Thamel area.And the Kasthamandap resturant in Thamel preserves the tradition of hodpitality under its board, woodenbeam roof, a settingg remeiniscent of its namesake but with a contemporary flair. Expansive windows wall the high-ceilinged dining room which centers on a circular, copper-chimneyed fireplace. On winter evenings a crackling fire sparks cimraderie among diners and guests of the corner Agni bar, named for the fireplace it overlooks.
The Kasthamandap's encircling picture windows.Round dinner time, the Kasthamandap again comes alive with groups, couples and singles. Chef Iswari Giri creates from a Continental-Eastern fare menu preparing favorites such as quiche Lorraine and a cheesy green Spinach Fettucine for vegetarians,or Chicken a la kiev and Roast pork cantonese formeat eaters.

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Garments

If you travel to Nepal,you will find a numbers of boutiques and shops selling various items of clothings are available through-out the city.And where you will find some of the western style or fashion are closely imitated, often using lovely eastern silks ,batic prints and local cotton patterns.More traditional styles are also available ,as is ornate embroidery adorning dresses and robes.Ladies fashions are the most popular selling items although men's shirts,robes and other items are available as well.There are of course countless other items that are of interest to the shopper in the city.

From batiks to traditional knives,jewellery,household items etc. Kathmandu is a virtual shoppers paradise for those insterested in unsual gifts and souvenirs. As the popularity of these items increase abroad you'll find your self looking forward to the chance of obtaining a few treasurres yourself at price that would be regarded as a steal as your own home town,HAPPY HUNTING.

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Buddhist Culture-1

Kathmandu Valley is endowed with rich Buddhist culture, it is regarded as the centre of Nepal Mandala. illustration of legends and literary sources are like Nepal Mahatyam, Swayambhu Purana and Avanadas testify the fact that Nepal mandala had remained as the centre oof living culture and holiest of the holy lpaces both for the Hindus and Buddhists. The Hindus and the Buddhist have co-existence in the Valley since time immemorial.Religious sycretism is the main feature of Nepalese culture.O n this one visit the shrine of the other withgreat respect and vanaration.

The rotating prayer wheels usually cinsist of six letters in Ranjana script of the Newars. It is the essence Mantra of the Avalokiteshvara,Buddha of compassion. The rotating wheels remind us the practice of compassion.The followers of Vajrayana Buddhists in Nepal and Tibet have common practice of rotating prayer wheels. The devotees believe that the six letters are symbolic for six realms. The sentient beings of six realms to eliminate six defilements, the issuance of their suffering.

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Tourism Activities

As a result of all these promotional activities, there is a great deal of optimism among representatives of various political parties, tourism entrepreneurs the public and members of the civil society that mire tourists will come if conditions were made favorable. Accordingly, Nepal Tourism year,2011 has come into effect with the sligan Together for Tourism since the beginning of this year, although the formal kick off of this campaign started only from January 14 at the central level.
About 60 percnt of this bugets has been allocated for tourism promotion through such international media as BBC,CNN,CHINESE and INDIAN T.V. channels. Because Indai and Chaina are our proximate neighbours, most of the tourist who come to visit our country are most likely to be Indain and Chinese.Because they are volume producing countries, Rupees 60 millinons have been set aside for publicity stunts,India,Rupees 30 millions in China and the rest in Srilanka,Thailand and other countriess of the world.
The specific target set during this year is to attract 265000 tourist from India and one lakh from China.One of the main objective of Nepal tourism year 2011 so to promote those tourist destination that have not been promoted thus far.

Most of the tourists coming to Nepal have been visiting Kathmandu, Pokhara and Chitwan as a triangular tourist destination. The Government of Nepal adrategic master plan from this year to develop another triangular tourist destination that connects pokhara to Limbini and Janakpur. The strategic plan to develop Lumbini and Janakpur in addition to pokhara is undoubtedly a step in the right direction to promote our cultural landscape .

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Tourism in Nepal

The beginning of this new year has seen the commencement of Nepal Tourism year, 2011. That Tourism year 2011, however, is not the first of its kind. Nepal had declared 1998 as Visit Nepal year following the footsteps of other countries to promote their toutism. A total of 4,63,684 tourists came to visit Nepal in that year. In the same vein, Destination Nepal campaign was launched in 2002/3. Likewise , Nepal Tourism Board’s campaign – Naturally Nepal Once is not enough and the government’s campaign. Send Home a friend and Nepal for all campaigns geared at tourism development.

A lots of people around the world like to travel abroad. They visit countries which have many places of intires.In Nepal we have the lofty Himalayas .These mountains are full of fine scenery. There are many beauti spots on the mountains.The snow-capped peaks the green forest the rushing torrents, the deep gorges, the roaring falls,the tranquil lakes. the fine flora and fauna, the antique and artistic temples attract many people to our country.Every year hundreds of thousands foreign tourist come to our country.

We should wel-come tourist.Tourism is a source of earning foreign curency. The tourist who comes to our country exchange foreign currency with our money.In this way, we get foreign currency. Foreign currency is useful to us for purchasing foreign goods. Toutists purchase some goods, curios and native articles in our country. The producers of these goods gain something from tourists. Tourists also help the hotel industry. They like to stay in good and well-fuanished hotels.Some good hotels have been built in kathmandu to accomodate foreign tourists.

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Festival

There are so many festival in Nepal. Among them Janai Purnima and Rakysha Bandhan is one of it.Once a year, on the festival Janai Purnama people go to river banks or visit different temples such as temple of Pashupatinath in Kathmandu or Kumbeswary in Patan for rituals bath. Afterwords the threads are changed. Other casteshindus and buddhist who do not wear Janai receives a piece of purified string on these day.This string called Rakshya Bandhan, is tied around once wrist by a Brahmin and is regarded to have the power to protect the wearer from evil.The wearer leaves the thread on the wrist until the lightning festival of Tihar, a later festival at which time a sister traditionally makes a garland for her brother.

On janai purnima the most pious Hindu devotees, with time and money to afford it. Make Pil-grimage to Gosainkumnd, the mountain lakes which are regarded as sacred to Lord shiva worshippers. A dip in the lakes on theis day is believed to add cinsiderably to a devotee's stock of merit.
The scene at Gosainkund, located at elevation 4360 meters mirth of Kathmandu and just south of the Langtang range, is quite exciting, and is well worth the climb often through rain up to the site.T
raditional faith healers called jhankris,dressed in belted white robes and croened with porcupine quills and peacock feathers perform riual dances to trobbing drum beats night and day.

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Singh Durbar

Singh Durbar which means 'The Lion Palace'is the place that lies in the heart of Kathmandu Valley. In the early hours of July 4th 1974, Kathmandu was lit by the flames of a huge fire. The glow could be seen all over the city, and the night was filled with the hideous roar of the flames and the noise of falling masonry. Singh Durbar the greatest palace in Asia,was burning down.For two days the fire ragedfanned by strong mansoon winds.M ost of the vast building was severly damaged, and only by dynamiting the centre part could be the majestic staterooms and front facade be saved from the flames,which appearntly saperate from the back. And there was much speculation at time as to how the fire started, and the lenghly enquary produced no definite answers. But whatever the cause, it was s major disaster.

The singha Durbar was built in 1901 by the Prime Minister Maharajah Chandra Shamshere Rana. It was a masterpiece of the architectural style if the Rana period. There were nine Rana Prime Minister, from Jung Bahadur who assumed power in 1846 to Mohan shamshere who reliquished office in 1951, and they were all great builders. Kathmandu is studded with dozens of their great places which are still an attractive featyre of the city.

There vast European-style buildings which dominate Kathmandu are sources of great wonder;wonder at the skill of the Nepali and Indian architects, wonder at the expense in-volved and above all all wonder at the tremendous feats performed to get the materals into Kathmandu.

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Nepal

Nepal is beautiful country and the capital Nepal is kathmandu. Nepal is a land located country. It is a hindu country.It lies between chaina and india.The Mount Everest is peak in the world.often it is beautiful place for tourism and famous for the peak of the world.A Nepal in the zone of sagarmatha in solukhumbu district.The god pasupti nath temple is nepal.Which lies in Asia Continent It's being land located conuntry.The main occupation of the people here in nepal is an agricultural country which occupied 79%rest covered in the sector of touism.
Nepal is also a peaceful country.Its geographical image has been divided into three parts like Tarai,Tropicaland Himalayas Range.There are almost 14 zones and 75 districts in the historical background of Nepal. And its a country where Mt.Everst belongs to and it lies in the district of Solukhumbu in the zone of Sagarmatha.Solukhumbu is also the gateway for trvellers or for the trekkers group to go to the submit of Mt.Everest,which is situated at the height of 8850m high.And now its the one of the highest peak in the world.The world contains big and small contries. Nepal is the land of the Himalayas. The major portion of the Himslsyas lies in our country. It contains some of the highest peaks,such as Everest, Dhaulagiri, Makalu, Lhotse and Annapurna. To the south to the mountains, there is anarrow plain called the Terai.The chife rivers of our country are the Kosi, theGandaki and Karnali.

The climate is cold in the north and hot in the south. The Himalayan region gets very cold in winter. The Terai is very hot in summer. The monsoon belowing fromthe bay of Bengal brings rain in sumnmer. The rainfall is good in all parts of the country, but it decreses as we go from the east to the west.

Agricultute is the main occupation of the people. It is carried on mainly in the Terai and the valleys. the Terai produces rice, jute, sugercan, oil-seeds etc. The valleys produce maize, pulses,bean, fruits, etc. the high mountains are snow-covered; the hill are forested. Sheep and goats are reared on the hill-sides.

Nepal is a secular state. The people enjoy freedom of religion. tThere are different religious classes, the major ones being the Hindus and the Buddhists.Some people are Muslims. There is a small number of Christians, Sikhs and Jains.

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